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Individual Differences and Personality, Second Edition, by Michael C. Ashton
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How do we come to be who we are? Why do we differ in our personalities? How do these differences matter in life? This textbook on Individual Differences and Personality aims to describe how and why personality varies between one person and the next. Unlike books that focus on individual theorists, this book focuses on current research and theory on the nature of personality and related individual differences. The book begins by discussing how personality is measured, the concept of a personality trait, and the basic dimensions of personality. This leads to a discussion of the origins of personality, with descriptions of its developmental course, its biological causes, its genetic and environmental influences, and its evolutionary function. The concept of a personality disorder is then described, followed by a discussion of the influence of personality on life outcomes in relationships, work, and health. Finally, the book examines in detail the important differences between individuals in the realms of mental abilities, of beliefs and attitudes, and of sexuality.
Intended for courses in personality and individual differences, this book may also serve as a useful overview of personality research for academics in related fields. Singly authored for consistency of breadth, depth, and presentation, Individual Differences and Personality will engage students with its interesting boxed asides. Sample boxes describe a wide variety of topics, including such issues as cross-generational differences, personality in animals, personality and occupational choice, the role of the womb environment, and many others. In addition to covering the Big Five and HEXACO models of personality structure, the book also includes topics often left out of other personality books, including individual differences in mental abilities, religion, politics, and sexuality. There is also deep coverage of the biological bases of personality, including discussions of neurotransmitters, brain structures, and hormones. The explanation of genetic and environmental influences is made clear and straightforward, and the discussion of evolutionary function is unique among personality texts.
Table of Contents: Introduction; Basic Concepts in Psychological Measurement; Personality Traits and the Inventories That Measure Them; Personality Structure: Classifying Traits; Developmental Change and Stability of Personality; Biological Bases of Personality; Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality; The Evolutionary Function of Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality and Life Outcomes; Mental Ability; Vocational Interests; Religion and Politics; Sexuality; Conclusion.
- Integrates research findings with real life outcomes explaining why personality leads to successes or failures in life
- Discusses healthy personalities as well as personality disorders
- New chapter on vocational interests and personality
- 35% revised
- Well reviewed in its first edition
- Unique coverage of the evolutionary basis for personality
- Strong coverage of biology, genetics, neuroscience of personality
- Testbank for professors
- Sales Rank: #617210 in Books
- Published on: 2013-04-26
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.30" h x .90" w x 7.60" l, 2.20 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 416 pages
Review
"Ashton presents this text on personality development, assessment, and pathology… A wide variety of measurement instruments and theoretical frameworks are presented, often accompanied by illustrative diagrams or placed in supplementary text-boxes." --Reference & Research Book News,�2013
From the Back Cover
How did I come to be who I am?
Why am I similar to or different from my friends and relatives?
How will personality impact my life choices and satisfaction?
Individual Differences and Personality, 2e provides a comprehensive overview of research regarding what personality is and how and why it differs between people. The book begins with a description of the study of personality, basic principles of personality measurement, the concept of personality traits, and the major dimensions of personality variation. Further chapters review personality change and stability, biological causal mechanisms, genetic and environmental influences, and evolutionary adaptive function. Personality disorders are examined as well as "life outcomes" (e.g., relationships, work, health, etc.) that are predicted by personality characteristics. The book additionally examines important individual differences such as mental abilities, religious beliefs, political attitudes, and sexuality.
The 2e contains a new chapter on vocational interests, a revised chapter on personality disorders per DSM-5, streamlined descriptions of measurement concepts and heritability research, and updated literature reviews reflecting research in the intervening time since the first edition. The book is suitable as a text and may serve as a reference to those with academic research interests in the field. Boxes containing interesting asides help engage readers to relevant applications of the material that are unique and or of special interest, without distracting from the flow of the material.
Key Features:
- Contains both theory and research
- Examines the impact of personality on life outcomes
- Describes new information on personality disorders per DSM-5
- Updates references and research reviewed since the first edition
- Includes new chapter on vocational interests
- Explores environmental, genetic, & evolutionary perspectives
About the Author
Michael C. Ashton is a professor of psychology at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Western Ontario in 1998. As a grad student in the late 1990s, together with Kibeom Lee, he did some cross-cultural research to find out whether the “Big Five” personality dimensions found in North America could be recovered in other cultures. Using their own work and that of other researchers, they found that there were actually six personality dimensions. The “new” one was the H factor, or the Honesty-Humility Factor, was discovered and is now considered one of the six dimensions of human personality. In addition to the second edition of the textbook, Individual Differences and Personality, he is the author of numerous articles in scientific journals, and co-authored with Kibeom Lee The H Factor of Personality.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent introduction
By Paul Magnussen
This is the 2nd edition of "Individual Differences". I reviewed the 1st edition at length and gave it 5 stars.
I haven't yet had a chance to see the new edition, but the author was kind enough, in answer to my enquiry, to summarise the revisions. Since there are (as I write) no reviews as yet, I refer you to my original review, and reproduce the author's summary (with his permission) below.
When I've had a chance to read the new edition, I will replace this review with a revised one. In the meantime, I hope this helps:
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There's a new chapter on Vocational Interests. It's one of the shorter chapters and has a somewhat more practical emphasis than most of the others do, but it gives much more coverage to this topic than was given in the 1st edition.
The chapter on Personality Disorders is about half rewritten*, to coincide with the reconceptualization in the forthcoming DSM5. (I think the DSM5 framework is an improvement, and it makes the structure of the chapter simpler than it previously had been.)
The descriptions of several of the more "technical" issues (especially reliability and validity in Chapter 2, and heritability studies in Chapter 6) are being somewhat streamlined and reorganized, and thereby (I think) clarified and improved.
Throughout the book there are several new boxes and subsections and paragraphs to incorporate new research findings from the past six years, including some topics not really covered in the 1st edition (e.g., the (non-)existence of personality "types"; rater biases in self- and observer reports; personality similarity in friends; "games" as illustrations of frequency-dependent selection), and some topics where new findings have emerged (e.g., IQ and birth order; heritability of sexual orientation; personality stability between childhood and adulthood).
I would think that the overall scale of revisions is somewhat larger than in the usual "next edition" of a textbook, but the basic structure and content of the 1st edition will remain, so it isn't a radically new book.
*What happened was that the DSM5 people decided at the last minute to abandon their new system for personality disorder diagnosis; instead it's being included only as an appendix within the DSM5. I'm still giving that new system a lot of space in the book (because I think it makes more sense), but I'm now keeping some description of the old system simply because it's still the one that clinicians will be using.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Another positive resource in personality
By Ronald Viola
I enjoyed this book because it provides insight to personality. From an intuitive standpoint it gives one opportunity to observe and experiment with facts provided.
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